50. backup 관련 명령어 요약



1. mt 명령어


blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 status -> backup device의 상태를 표시

HP JetStore 6000 C1533 tape drive:

sense key(0x6)= Unit Attention residual= 0 retries= 0

file no= 0 block no= 0

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 status

HP JetStore 6000 C1533 tape drive:

sense key(0x13)= EOT residual= 0 retries= 0

file no= 1 block no= 0

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n status

HP JetStore 6000 C1533 tape drive:

sense key(0x0)= No Additional Sense residual= 0 retries= 0

file no= 4 block no= 0


blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n eom -> tape의 맨끝으로 이동

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 rewind -> tape를 제일 처음으로 되감는다.

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n fsf [count] -> count 갯수 만큼 화일뒤로 건너 띈다.

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n bsf [count] -> count 갯수 만큼 화일 앞으로 건너 띈다.

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 erase -> tape의 모든 내용을 지운다. tape나 device에 따라다르나 시간이 많이 걸린다.

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0 offline -> tape가 eject 된다.


2. tar 명령어


blue# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0 -> tape의 내용을 확인함

-rw-r--r-- 0/3 6434 1997년 7월 16일 12:47 st.conf

blue# tar xvf /dev/rmt/0 -> tape에있는 내용를 Hard disk로 내림

x st.conf, 6434 bytes, 13 테이프 블럭

blue# tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 /etc/hosts -> Hard disk에있는 file 이나 directory를 tape로 받음

/etc/hosts는 ./inet/hosts와 기호 링크됨


blue# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0
lrwxrwxrwx 0/0 12 1998년 3월 5일 10:01 hosts ./inet/hosts로 심볼릭 링크됨
-r--r--r-- 0/3 558 1998년 4월 16일 19:15 passwd
-r-------- 0/3 333 1998년 4월 16일 19:15 shadow

blue# tar rvf /dev/rmt/0 group -> replace, tarfile의 끝에 추가한다.
a group 1 테이프 블럭

blue# tar tvf /dev/rmt/0
lrwxrwxrwx 0/0 12 1998년 3월 5일 10:01 hosts ./inet/hosts로 심볼릭 링크됨
-r--r--r-- 0/3 558 1998년 4월 16일 19:15 passwd
-r-------- 0/3 333 1998년 4월 16일 19:15 shadow
-rw-r--r-- 0/3 295 1998년 4월 16일 19:12 group

blue# tar cvfb - 20 files | rsh host dd of=/dev/rmt/0 obs=20b -> remote host에있는 drive로 backup 받기


blue# rsh -n host dd if=/dev/rmt/0 bs=20b |tar xvBfb - 20 files -> remote host에있는 drive로 backup 내리기




3. ufsdump 명령어


3.1 한개의 화일 시스템을 받을경우

blue# ufsdump 0ucf /dev/rmt/0n /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 -> full dump

DUMP: Writing 63 Kilobyte records

DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: 1998년 4월 29일 수요일 오전 11시 03분 20초

DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch

DUMP: Dumping /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (blue:/) to /dev/rmt/0n.

DUMP: Mapping (Pass I) [regular files]

DUMP: Mapping (Pass II) [directories]

DUMP: Estimated 1703122 blocks (831.60MB).

DUMP: Dumping (Pass III) [directories]

DUMP: Dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]

DUMP: 63.88% done, finished in 0:05

DUMP: 1703014 blocks (831.55MB) on 1 volume at 793 KB/sec

DUMP: DUMP IS DONE

3.2 ufsdump option


0 - 9 : 덤프레벨로 "0"은 full dump를 의미하고 "1 - 9"는 점진적인 백업을 말한다. /etc/dumpdate를 기준으로 백업한다.
u : /etc/dumpdate에 기록한다.
c : Catridge, 이옵션은 1000BPI density 와 126 blocking factor로 맞춘다.
l : Autoload , dump가 끝나기전에 tape의 끝을 만나면 다음 테이프를 load한다.
v : verify
S : 용량을 계산한다. 실제로 백업받지는 않는다.

f dump_file : 화일 이미지를 dump_file에 기록한다. dump_file은 /dev/rmt/0 대신에 file이 될 수있다. 만약 dump_file이 "-" 이라면 표준 출력으로 dump된다. hostname:device 표기법으로 원격시스템에 있는 장치를 사용할 수도있다. ex) ufsdump 0ucf blue:/dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
w : /etc/dumpdate를 기준으로 가장 최근에 백업되지 않은 /etc/vfstab내의 ufs 화일 시스템을 모두 출력한다.
blue# ufsdump 0Sf /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
873689088

blue# ufsdump w
Dump these file systems:
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 ( /) Last dump: Level 0, Date Wed Apr 29 12:50
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 (/export/home) Last dump: Level 0, Date Sat May 2 12:57
/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0 ( ) Last dump: Level 0, Date Wed Apr 29 11:23

blue# cat dumpdates
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 0 Wed Apr 29 12:50:50 1998
/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 0 Sat May 2 17:20:01 1998
/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0 0 Wed Apr 29 11:23:19 1998


Sample Dump Schedule
0 once a month 0 once a month


월 화 수 목 금 토 월 화 수 목 금 토
5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 6 7 2
5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 6 7 2
5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 6 7 2
5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 6 7 2


월 화 수 목 금 토 월 화 수 목 금 토

0 <--| 0 <---|
<--------| <----|
<--------------| <----|
<-------------------| <---|
<------------------------| <---|
<------------------------------| <--------------------------------|






3.3 여러개의 filesystem을 하나의 테이프에 받을경우

blue# ufsdump 0ucf /dev/rmt/0n /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0;ufsdump 0ucf /dev/rmt/0n /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7


DUMP: Writing 63 Kilobyte records

DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: 1998년 4월 29일 수요일 오전 11시 03분 20초

DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch

DUMP: Dumping /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0 (blue:/) to /dev/rmt/0n.

DUMP: Mapping (Pass I) [regular files]

DUMP: Mapping (Pass II) [directories]

DUMP: Estimated 1703122 blocks (831.60MB).

DUMP: Dumping (Pass III) [directories]

DUMP: Dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]

DUMP: 63.88% done, finished in 0:05

DUMP: 1703014 blocks (831.55MB) on 1 volume at 793 KB/sec

DUMP: DUMP IS DONE

DUMP: Level 0 dump on 1998년 4월 29일 수요일 오전 11시 03분 20초

DUMP: Writing 63 Kilobyte records

DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: 1998년 4월 29일 수요일 오전 11시 21분 18초

DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch

DUMP: Dumping /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 (blue:/export/home) to /dev/rmt/0n.

DUMP: Mapping (Pass I) [regular files]

DUMP: Mapping (Pass II) [directories]

DUMP: Estimated 303300 blocks (148.10MB).

DUMP: Dumping (Pass III) [directories]

DUMP: Dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]

DUMP: 303280 blocks (148.09MB) on 1 volume at 1269 KB/sec

DUMP: DUMP IS DONE

4. ufsrestore 명령어

4.1 Restoring Entire File System

blue# mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7 /export/home

blue# cd /export/home

blue# mt -f /dev/rmt/0n fsf 1 -> 다음 point로 이동

blue# ufsrestore rvf /dev/rmt/0n

Verify volume and initialize maps

Media block size is 126

Dump date: Sat May 02 12:57:43 1998

Dumped from: the epoch

Level 0 dump of /export/home on blue:/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s7

Label: none

Begin level 0 restore

Initialize symbol table.

Extract directories from tape

Calculate extraction list.

Warning: ./lost+found: File exists

Make node ./cyberguy

Make node ./dsw

Make node ./dsw/core

Make node ./crash

Make node ./crash/blue

Make node ./test

Extract new leaves.

Check pointing the restore

extract file ./.CPR

extract file ./dsw/core/unix.2

extract file ./dsw/core/vmcore.2

extract file ./dsw/core/threadlist.0

extract file ./dsw/core/threadlist.2

extract file ./crash/blue/vmcore.0

extract file ./crash/blue/unix.0

extract file ./crash/blue/bounds

extract file ./crash/blue/threadlist.0.org

extract file ./crash/blue/threadlist.0

Add links

Set directory mode, owner, and times.

Check the symbol table.

Check pointing the restore

blue# pwd

/export/home

blue# ls

crash dsw restoresymtable
cyberguy lost+found test

blue# rm restoresymtable

4.2 ineractive restore

blue# cd /var/tmp

blue# ufsrestore ivf /dev/rmt/0

Verify volume and initialize maps

Media block size is 126

Dump date: Mon May 11 14:33:16 1998

Dumped from: the epoch

Level 0 dump of /user on blue:/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s3

Label: none

Extract directories from tape

Initialize symbol table.

ufsrestore > ls
.:
2 *./ 2 *../ 3 lost+found/ 4 passwd

ufsrestore > cd lost+found

ufsrestore > cd /

ufsrestore > add passwd lost+found

ufsrestore > verbose

verbose mode off

ufsrestore > verbose

verbose mode on

ufsrestore> delete lost+found

ufsrestore > ls
.:
2 *./ 2 *../ 3 lost+found/ 4 *passwd

ufsrestore > extract

Extract requested files

You have not read any volumes yet.

Unless you know which volume your file(s) are on you should start

with the last volume and work towards the first.

Specify next volume #: 1

extract file ./passwd

Add links

Set directory mode, owner, and times.

set owner/mode for '.'? [yn] n

ufsrestore > quit


4.3 restore files

# ufsrestore xvf /dev/rmt/0 ./etc/passwd


4.4 display the content of the tape

# ufsrestore tvf /dev/rmt/0


5. cpio commands

blue# find . -print | cpio -ovcB > /dev/rmt/0 -> 현디렉토리의 내용을 tape로 backup 받는다.
.
upgrade
upgrade/Agree.ps
upgrade/Announcement.ps
upgrade/Program.ps
upgrade/Refund.ps
upgrade/URCFORM.ps
array
array/DECptscII
array/DECptscII/pkgmap
array/DECptscII/pkginfo
array/DECptscII/root
array/DECptscII/root/kernel
array/DECptscII/root/kernel/drv
array/DECptscII/root/kernel/drv/classes
array/DECptscII/root/kernel/drv/ptscII.52
array/DECptscII/root/kernel/drv/ptscII.53
array/DECptscII/install
array/DECptscII/install/copyright
array/DECptscII/install/postinstall
array/DECptscII/install/preremove
array/DECstgwks
array/DECstgwks/pkgmap
array/DECstgwks/pkginfo
array/DECstgwks/root
array/DECstgwks/root/$TRANSDIR
array/DECstgwks/root/$TRANSDIR/sd.conf
array/DECstgwks/root/$TRANSDIR/trans.Z
array/DECstgwks/root/$TRANSDIR/trans.conf

blue# cpio -ivcB array/DECstgwks/install/space < /dev/rmt/0 -> tape에서 space file을 extract한다.
array/DECstgwks/install/space
8550 blocks


blue# find . -mtime -7 -print | cpio -ovcB > /dev/rmt/0n -> 최근 일주일내에 수정된 file을 tape로 받는다.
.
upgrade
upgrade/Agree.ps
upgrade/Announcement.ps
upgrade/Program.ps
upgrade/Refund.ps

blue# find . -name 'file*' -print | cpio -ovcB > file.list

blue# cpio -ivt < file.list



6. Backup script sample

#!/bin/csh

set verbose

set day = `date +%y%m%d`

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew

ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0bn /

ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0bn /usr

ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0bn /var

ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0bn /export/home

ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0bn /opt

echo "now test the backups."

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew;ufsrestore tfs /dev/rmt/0n 1 > /export/home/bert/dumpfile1.${day}

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew;ufsrestore tfs /dev/rmt/0n 2 > /export/home/bert/dumpfile2.${day}

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew;ufsrestore tfs /dev/rmt/0n 3 > /export/home/bert/dumpfile3.${day}

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew;ufsrestore tfs /dev/rmt/0n 4 > /export/home/bert/dumpfile4.${day}

mt -f /dev/rmt/0n rew;ufsrestore tfs /dev/rmt/0n 5 > /export/home/bert/dumpfile5.${day}


7. Sun O/S backup parameter

High density Fujitsu/Xylogics 1/2" tape

# dump 0uf /dev/rmt8 /dev/rxy0


600' QIC-24 9 track 1/4" cartridge tape

# dump 0ucf /dev/nrst8 /dev/rds0h

QIC-150 18 track 1/4" catridge tape:

# dump 0ucsf 1500 /dev/rst0 /dev/rsd0h

Exabyte 8mm catridge tape:

# dump 0usf 145000 /dev/rst0 /dev/rid001h

대상 O/S : Solaris 2.x , Sun O/S